/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.catalina.valves;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.catalina.connector.Request;
import org.apache.catalina.connector.Response;
import org.apache.juli.logging.Log;
import org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.res.StringManager;
/**
* This valve allows to detect requests that take a long time to process, which might indicate that the thread that is
* processing it is stuck.
*/
public class StuckThreadDetectionValve extends ValveBase {
/**
* Logger
*/
private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(StuckThreadDetectionValve.class);
/**
* The string manager for this package.
*/
private static final StringManager sm = StringManager.getManager(Constants.Package);
/**
* Keeps count of the number of stuck threads detected
*/
private final AtomicInteger stuckCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
/**
* Keeps count of the number of stuck threads that have been interrupted
*/
private final AtomicLong interruptedThreadsCount = new AtomicLong();
/**
* In seconds. Default 600 (10 minutes).
*/
private int threshold = 600;
/**
* In seconds. Default is -1 to disable interruption.
*/
private int interruptThreadThreshold;
/**
* The only references we keep to actual running Thread objects are in this Map (which is automatically cleaned in
* invoke()s finally clause). That way, Threads can be GC'ed, even though the Valve still thinks they are stuck
* (caused by a long monitor interval)
*/
private final Map<Long,MonitoredThread> activeThreads = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private final Queue<CompletedStuckThread> completedStuckThreadsQueue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
/**
* Specifies the threshold (in seconds) used when checking for stuck threads. If <=0, the detection is disabled.
* The default is 600 seconds.
*
* @param threshold The new threshold in seconds
*/
public void setThreshold(int threshold) {
this.threshold = threshold;
}
/**
* @see #setThreshold(int)
*
* @return The current threshold in seconds
*/
public int getThreshold() {
return threshold;
}
public int getInterruptThreadThreshold() {
return interruptThreadThreshold;
}
/**
* Specifies the threshold (in seconds) before stuck threads are interrupted. If <=0, the interruption is
* disabled. The default is -1. If >=0, the value must actually be >= threshold.
*
* @param interruptThreadThreshold The new thread interruption threshold in seconds
*/
public void setInterruptThreadThreshold(int interruptThreadThreshold) {
this.interruptThreadThreshold = interruptThreadThreshold;
}
/**
* Required to enable async support.
*/
public StuckThreadDetectionValve() {
super(true);
}
@Override
protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException {
super.initInternal();
if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
log.trace("Monitoring stuck threads with threshold = " + threshold + " sec");
}
}
private void notifyStuckThreadDetected(MonitoredThread monitoredThread, long activeTime, int numStuckThreads) {
if (log.isWarnEnabled()) {
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
String msg = sm.getString("stuckThreadDetectionValve.notifyStuckThreadDetected",
monitoredThread.getThread().getName(), Long.valueOf(activeTime), monitoredThread.getStartTime(),
Integer.valueOf(numStuckThreads), monitoredThread.getRequestUri(), Integer.valueOf(threshold),
String.valueOf(monitoredThread.getThread().getId()));
// msg += " " + getStackTraceAsString(trace);
Throwable th = new Throwable();
th.setStackTrace(monitoredThread.getThread().getStackTrace());
log.warn(msg, th);
}
}
private void notifyStuckThreadCompleted(CompletedStuckThread thread, int numStuckThreads) {
if (log.isWarnEnabled()) {
String msg = sm.getString("stuckThreadDetectionValve.notifyStuckThreadCompleted", thread.getName(),
Long.valueOf(thread.getTotalActiveTime()), Integer.valueOf(numStuckThreads),
String.valueOf(thread.getId()));
// Since the "stuck thread notification" is warn, this should also
// be warn
log.warn(msg);
}
}
@Override
public void invoke(Request request, Response response) throws IOException, ServletException {
if (threshold <= 0) {
// short-circuit if not monitoring stuck threads
getNext().invoke(request, response);
return;
}
// Save the thread/runnable
// Keeping a reference to the thread object here does not prevent
// GC'ing, as the reference is removed from the Map in the finally clause
Thread currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
Long key = Long.valueOf(currentThread.getId());
StringBuffer requestUrl = request.getRequestURL();
if (request.getQueryString() != null) {
requestUrl.append('?');
requestUrl.append(request.getQueryString());
}
MonitoredThread monitoredThread =
new MonitoredThread(currentThread, requestUrl.toString(), interruptThreadThreshold > 0);
activeThreads.put(key, monitoredThread);
try {
getNext().invoke(request, response);
} finally {
activeThreads.remove(key);
if (monitoredThread.markAsDone() == MonitoredThreadState.STUCK) {
if (monitoredThread.wasInterrupted()) {
interruptedThreadsCount.incrementAndGet();
}
completedStuckThreadsQueue.add(
new CompletedStuckThread(monitoredThread.getThread(), monitoredThread.getActiveTimeInMillis()));
}
}
}
@Override
public void backgroundProcess() {
super.backgroundProcess();
long thresholdInMillis = threshold * 1000L;
// Check monitored threads, being careful that the request might have
// completed by the time we examine it
for (MonitoredThread monitoredThread : activeThreads.values()) {
long activeTime = monitoredThread.getActiveTimeInMillis();
if (activeTime >= thresholdInMillis && monitoredThread.markAsStuckIfStillRunning()) {
int numStuckThreads = stuckCount.incrementAndGet();
notifyStuckThreadDetected(monitoredThread, activeTime, numStuckThreads);
}
if (interruptThreadThreshold > 0 && activeTime >= interruptThreadThreshold * 1000L) {
monitoredThread.interruptIfStuck(interruptThreadThreshold);
}
}
// Check if any threads previously reported as stuck, have finished.
for (CompletedStuckThread completedStuckThread =
completedStuckThreadsQueue.poll(); completedStuckThread != null; completedStuckThread =
completedStuckThreadsQueue.poll()) {
int numStuckThreads = stuckCount.decrementAndGet();
notifyStuckThreadCompleted(completedStuckThread, numStuckThreads);
}
}
public int getStuckThreadCount() {
return stuckCount.get();
}
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
public long[] getStuckThreadIds() {
List<Long> idList = new ArrayList<>();
for (MonitoredThread monitoredThread : activeThreads.values()) {
if (monitoredThread.isMarkedAsStuck()) {
idList.add(Long.valueOf(monitoredThread.getThread().getId()));
}
}
long[] result = new long[idList.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
result[i] = idList.get(i).longValue();
}
return result;
}
public String[] getStuckThreadNames() {
List<String> nameList = new ArrayList<>();
for (MonitoredThread monitoredThread : activeThreads.values()) {
if (monitoredThread.isMarkedAsStuck()) {
nameList.add(monitoredThread.getThread().getName());
}
}
return nameList.toArray(new String[0]);
}
public long getInterruptedThreadsCount() {
return interruptedThreadsCount.get();
}
private static class MonitoredThread {
/**
* Reference to the thread to get a stack trace from background task
*/
private final Thread thread;
private final String requestUri;
private final long start;
private final AtomicInteger state = new AtomicInteger(MonitoredThreadState.RUNNING.ordinal());
/**
* Semaphore to synchronize the stuck thread with the background-process thread. It's not used if the
* interruption feature is not active.
*/
private final Semaphore interruptionSemaphore;
/**
* Set to true after the thread is interrupted. No need to make it volatile since it is accessed right after
* acquiring the semaphore.
*/
private boolean interrupted;
MonitoredThread(Thread thread, String requestUri, boolean interruptible) {
this.thread = thread;
this.requestUri = requestUri;
this.start = System.currentTimeMillis();
if (interruptible) {
interruptionSemaphore = new Semaphore(1);
} else {
interruptionSemaphore = null;
}
}
public Thread getThread() {
return this.thread;
}
public String getRequestUri() {
return requestUri;
}
public long getActiveTimeInMillis() {
return System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
}
public Date getStartTime() {
return new Date(start);
}
public boolean markAsStuckIfStillRunning() {
return this.state.compareAndSet(MonitoredThreadState.RUNNING.ordinal(),
MonitoredThreadState.STUCK.ordinal());
}
public MonitoredThreadState markAsDone() {
int val = this.state.getAndSet(MonitoredThreadState.DONE.ordinal());
MonitoredThreadState threadState = MonitoredThreadState.values()[val];
if (threadState == MonitoredThreadState.STUCK && interruptionSemaphore != null) {
try {
// use the semaphore to synchronize with the background thread
// which might try to interrupt this current thread.
// Otherwise, the current thread might be interrupted after
// going out from here, maybe already serving a new request
this.interruptionSemaphore.acquire();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(sm.getString("stuckThreadDetectionValve.interrupted"), e);
}
}
// no need to release the semaphore, it will be GCed
}
// else the request went through before being marked as stuck, no need
// to sync against the semaphore
return threadState;
}
boolean isMarkedAsStuck() {
return this.state.get() == MonitoredThreadState.STUCK.ordinal();
}
public boolean interruptIfStuck(long interruptThreadThreshold) {
if (!isMarkedAsStuck() || interruptionSemaphore == null || !this.interruptionSemaphore.tryAcquire()) {
// if the semaphore is already acquired, it means that the
// request thread got unstuck before we interrupted it
return false;
}
try {
if (log.isWarnEnabled()) {
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
String msg = sm.getString("stuckThreadDetectionValve.notifyStuckThreadInterrupted",
this.getThread().getName(), Long.valueOf(getActiveTimeInMillis()), this.getStartTime(),
this.getRequestUri(), Long.valueOf(interruptThreadThreshold),
String.valueOf(this.getThread().getId()));
Throwable th = new Throwable();
th.setStackTrace(this.getThread().getStackTrace());
log.warn(msg, th);
}
this.thread.interrupt();
} finally {
this.interrupted = true;
this.interruptionSemaphore.release();
}
return true;
}
public boolean wasInterrupted() {
return interrupted;
}
}
private static class CompletedStuckThread {
private final String threadName;
private final long threadId;
private final long totalActiveTime;
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
CompletedStuckThread(Thread thread, long totalActiveTime) {
this.threadName = thread.getName();
this.threadId = thread.getId();
this.totalActiveTime = totalActiveTime;
}
public String getName() {
return this.threadName;
}
public long getId() {
return this.threadId;
}
public long getTotalActiveTime() {
return this.totalActiveTime;
}
}
private enum MonitoredThreadState {
RUNNING,
STUCK,
DONE
}
}